《直升機在行動》是由知名导演David Douglas 执导的一部紀錄片，馬丁·辛 等倾情出演，该片讲述了：　　A gusta 109K2: Alpine Mediv ac Rescue　　Straight Up&#39;s exploration of vertic al flight begin s with a high-impa ct a lpine r escue  ami d an avala nche. The dr  amatic opening  sequence documen  ts the dangerous  work of the Rega mountain rescue team and the invaluable role of t he Agusta A109K2 helicopter in saving lives and minimizing injurie s.　　As the camera pans over beautiful vistas of the s now-covered Swiss Alps, it cuts to a cor  nice, as a chunk  of snow breaks free, tri ggering an  avalanche . The t ranquil sc ene is shat tered as th e avalanch e thunde rs down th e moun tain slo pes. With terrifying speed, it  heads s trai ght for  a mother and child tr appe  d in their car,  whe els spinning on the icy road.　　 The mother c alls for help on her ce ll phone,  and a sec ond call from a sno wplow prom pts rad io dispatc h. The Rega  mountain res cue tea m alr eady is airborne en route to the scene, the red cross painte d on the helicopter 's white underbelly signaling that medical help is on the w  ay.  The mother escap  es, but her son is missi ng.  Within minu tes of t  he helicopter landing, the resc ue tea m dig out  the car , extract the trapped boy, apply first a id, and airl ift h im and his mother to safety.　　A significant mountain hazard, ava  lanche s are respo nsible f or many dea ths each year. Time is o f the ess ence in avalanche rescue work. A pe rson has a  90 percent chance of s urvival if fou  nd within the first  15 minutes, but one&#39;s chances of survi val diminis h wi th each pass ing minute. Not only do helicopters  provide quick acce ss for rescue te ams, they also provide a lifeline to medical care. Flying the injured to  the near est hosp   ital as rapidly a  s possible is  not the only ty pe of res  cue operation; oft en helico pters bring the hospital  to the injur ed, who rece  ive treatme nt at the scene.　　  The powerful avalanche was shot i n Briti  sh Columbia' s Selkirk  Mount ains under the supervision of  the Canad ian Avalanche Associa tion. The CAA controls  avala nche risk for the safety  of heli -skier s. To cap ture the aval anche head-on, avalanche expe rt and filmmaker S teve  Krochel and David Dougla s developed  a quarter-inch-thick steel container for the IMAX camera, whic h was equ ipped  with a triggering  device and a beep er so that the camera could be found once the avalanche  had swep t it do wn the mountain.　　 The rescue was comp leted i n Switz erlan  d's Bernina Pas s nea r the Italian b order. Filming the Re ga rescue  helicopter a ir-t  o-air sequence turned into an international excurs ion as Douglas  chased the sunli ght over Italy in one direction and in Austria in  anothe  r before setting  down in Switzerland. In  another dramatic shot, Dougl as cen tered the red cross in the crosshairs of the came ra lens as the cr  aft d escended. T o faci  litate this  shot, Douglas dug a hole  in the s  now  large enough to accomm odate himself and the IMAX camera. Inside the hole, 3 feet below the helicopter, he  filmed its take  off. 　　According to Douglas, &quot;The he licopter is the ins trum ent of rapid respon se to natura l phys ical and soci  al disasters around the world, alleviating human suffering on a major scale. Fo r the individual  caught beyond  the l imits of training or equipment, often th  e last chance  for survi  val is the  hope that a helicopter will get to them in time. &q uot;　　The Pi tcairn PC A 2, &quot;Miss Cha mpion&quot;　　For cen turies  humans dr eamed   of flight. The Chinese, in th e 12th  century, developed  a toy h elicopter made from a pair  of slats m  ount ed on a stick, but se rious efforts had to wait until the ea rly 20th century. T hen, after t he Wright brothers' historic flight a t Kit ty Hawk, we dreamed of fli  ght unf ettered by the limitations of runways and  airports. Yet by the early 1930s we we  re still a t the da  wn of  the practical roto  rcraft, whic   h promised to give fo rm to humanity 's visio n.　　The ten  year per iod  between 192  5 and 1935 was an exciting  time in aviation history, b ut few aircraft so ca ught  and hel d the public' s attention,  as the Aut ogiro. Nickna med the &qu ot;flyi ng windmill,&quot; t his strange-looking aircraft was  first su ccessfully flown in  1923 by the Spanish invent or, Juan de la Cierv  a, who  had been wo rking on the development of su  ch a craft si nce 1919. The Autogir o fascinated the  air-minded public b ecause of it s remarkable performa nce and  high degree of sa fety, attract  ing suc h leaders of American aviation as  Charles Lindber gh and Amelia Earhart.　　Juan de la Cierva sold the A merican manufactur ing  rights to Harold Pitcairn in 1928. Pitcairn&#39;s Autogiro boasted a more  modern fuselage with bet ter aer odynamic qualities. It also provided pr ospective  buyers  with a choice of e ither a 3 00- o r 420-horsepower engine.　　In the fil m, H arold Pitcai rn&# 39;s son Stephen flies & quot;Miss Champion, " a  1931 model. This  Autogiro , used  for pr omotion b y the Champi on Sp ark Plug Co mpany, is  controlled like an  airplane, but is   lifted with  blades. A lthough th e original r otor blades have seen 1,600  hours of  flig ht time, the  y are still air worthy. With a 33  0-hor sepo wer Wright R 975-E e  ngine, the Autogiro  has a cruising speed of 98 mph and a top speed of 118 mph.  "Miss Cham pion&quot; led a National Air T our  and made the the n-risky 300- mi le-long  flight from Mia mi to Havana, Cuba.  (Until  then, the longes  t over -water flight by an A utogiro had been 25 mile s in  length.)  Later, "Miss Champ ion&qu ot; fl ew nonstop over a dist ance of 500 miles to  Chichen Itz a in  the Y ucatan  rainforest. ";Miss Champi on&quot; was retire d from active  servi ce in 1932 aft er setting a new altitude  record for rotary-wing aircraf t. Climbing to  a height o  f 21,500 f eet in 193 2, the  Autogiro sur passed the previous  reco rd s et by Amelia Ear hart. Tod ay, the Autogiro is con side red to be the evolutionary &quot;mi ssing l ink&quot; from which the  practical helicopter  was born.　　Forty  years late r Stephen  Pitc airn b  egan the  formi dable task  of collecting and restoring examples of his father&# 39;s ai rcraft. He t racked  down & quot;Miss  Champion&quot; and in October of 1982   began the painstaking task of   restoration, using the  original Pitcairn f  actory dra wings. I  n the spri  ng of 1985 "Miss Champion& quot; fle w again.　　The Be ll 47G: A  Flying  Lesson　　Since Pitcairn&#39;s Autogi ro, im  prov ed control systems allow the a irframe to rise dir ectly from the grou nd with a powere  d rotor. Straight Up! pu  ts you in the pilot&#39;s seat of a Bell 47G a  s the basic   elements of helic  opter operation are de monstrated. The Be ll 47G's single-rotor conf iguration  is by far the m  ost comm on type us ed toda y. Your fl ying les son begins .　　As a helicopter pilot, the  pilot us  es all f  our limbs to fly, all at the same time! Wit h the left hand  holding the coll ective pitch co ntrol  lever, he pu lls u p ever  so slig htly,  and we go straight up into a slow-motion  hover. T he spinning rotor bla  des act as small wi  ngs, but th ey spin so  fast that they create one continuous disc   of lift.  Whe  n the blades ch ange an  gle,  or pitch collec tive ly, the h elicopter rise s or  falls. Th e pilot's  right h and alwa ys holds  the cyc lic c ontrol, ef fectively tilting the wh irling dis c above. Poi nt left,  tilt  left. Point  right, tilt r ight. The ca mera then close s in on the tail rotor.  Once  again, t he altering  of the blades affects dir ection. The c hopper  spin  s in res ponse to the pilot's depressi ng one of the two  foot pedal s. If he depresse  s the   second pedal, the h  elicop ter spins in the opposite dire  ction.　　The Piasecki H-21B  Tandem Rotor Aircr aft, "T he Flyi ng Banan  a" 　　The last flying H-21B helicopter in  the world   takes  off, heads for the beach and c ruises 100  feet ab ove the  Pacific sur f off the coast of Ca lifornia. One of the earliest tandem hel icop ters, the  H-21 B represents  the birth of the  heavy lift helicopters and  date  s back to the early 1950s. Nicknamed "The Flying Banana" ; for its shape, the H-2 1B had more power and greater stability than pre vious helico pters. Th  e tan dem-rotor H -21B  carries t wo sets of w ooden blades situated n early 50 fe et ap art but op erated by one set of helicopter flight controls. The pilo t must be ev er vigilant, as  this helicopter could rapidly invert sh ould the pilot let go of the con trols.　 　The vintage H-21B used for the film   was decommissioned  from the U.S . Air Force i n 1972 and was restored by the California-based Classic R otors: The Rare and Vintage Rotocra ft Museum. T his no nprofi t mu seum and res  toration  facility, dedicat ed t o th e preservation o f unique, v  intage and rare  rotorcraft, spent  more than 10,000 hours return  ing the H-21B to airworthiness. Every hour flown requires 100 h ours of maintenance . Cla ssic Roto rs i  s th e only museum of i ts kind to  maintain ei ght helicopters in f lying con diti on. When its ne w fa cility in San Dieg o has be en comp leted, t he museum wil l expand  its exhibits from 15  to 3 0 vintage rot orcraft.　　One of the highlights of its collection is a f amous relative of the H-21B. T his is a V 44   (the commercial version of the H- 21)-nicknam ed &quot;The Holy One"-and is the only one to land at the Vatican and be bles sed by  the pope. While on a  1959 demonst ration tour in Europe, the  helicopter and its crew had provided help to Italian communities f ollowing a devastating e arthqu ake.　　Futu  re Helicopter Designs　　One aspect of current research ce nters a  round the development of &q uot;quiet  technol ogy&quot ; that wil l allow  helicopter s to become better  neighbors and to operate more  stealthily in p olice and military operat ions.< br/>　　Quiet  techn ology advances re ly on a combi  nation of technolog ies, which include improved  rotor blade des ign an d the  user of rotor systems with four  or mor e bl ades. Replacing the tail rotor wi  th a Coanda-effe ct NOTAR (NoTailRo tor) system goes a long way in re ducing noise, as does shrouding   the tail rotor in an arrangement kno w as  a &qu  ot;fan-in-fin.&  quot;   Other advances focus on n  oise-dampeni ng air in lets  and improve d engine noz  zles.　　New helicop ter designs are te  sted in the world9;s larges t wind tunnel at the NASA Ames Flight Research Center l ocated  at Moffett Field in Californ ia. Ame s wa s founded  in 1939  as an air craft research laboratory  of the National Advi sory Committee for Aeronautics, which became part of the National  Aeronautic  s an d Space Administration  (NASA) in 1958. NAS A has t he leadi ng role in aerosp ace operati ons systems, which include air traffic control, flight e ffects on huma ns, and rotorc raft technol ogy. NASA Ames scientists and engineers study  rob otic helicopters, high -speed hybri ds, and advanc es in quiet technology. The center also has major responsibili  ties for the creat ion of desig  n and deve lopment tools and fo r wind tunnel testing.　　The NASA-Bell XV-15 Tilt-rotor　　In the film, an XV-15 converts over Dall  as-Fort Wo  rth Airport. The XV-15 is an expe rimental rotorcraf t, the parent of  a new f  amily of air  craft called &quo t;tilt-rotors." ; The tilt-rotor c ombines the h  overi ng ability  of the helicopter with the speed of a f  ixed-wing air craft. The XV-15 can take off and land like a  helicopter. The audi  ence will see the  engines tilting  forward as  the tilt- rotor becomes a high-speed plane.　　The Bell-Boeing V-2 2 Osprey　　A V-22 Osprey unwr aps, emerging like a prehisto ric flying di nosaur.  Built primarily for the U.S. Marines , Ai r Force, and Navy, the V-22 Osp rey has wing s that pivot and rotors that fold to faci litate its stor age a t sea. In less  than 90 seconds, you will see the  V-22 complete this process. A lthough stil l classified as a tilt-rotor, i t is fas ter, with thre e times the range and  more than ten times the payload of its prede  cessor. It shows the prom ise of long- distance trav el, without airports .　　Th e Hawk 4 G yroplane　　Rotor craft evolution  is also in the  hands of the entrepreneur,  and this independ ent spirit   is m ost evident  in th e Hawk 4 Gyro plane. While som e designs produce groundbreaking changes, this aircraft br ought the economy an d saf ety of t he Auto giro into t he space age. A rot or is u sed  for slow-spe ed flight, but at high-speed cruising all the  lift i s provided  by th e wing wh ile the rotor has no lift. The Gyropl ane shows promi se as a high -speed, low-dis c-loading ro torcraft.< br/>　　The Boeing-Siko rsky RAH-66 Coma nche　　The Comanche rips and dips acr oss the scr een, set against a sunset. This prototype helicopter has  stealth t echnology. I t's smart, agile, fast and invisi ble to radar. It's the fi rst helicopter to pr ovide  real-time digit al data to  head  quarters. Seeing in the dark, s ensing the forces at play around us and actin g on the evidence in  real time,  the Co  manche is a complex flyin g mac hine with a hum an being at  its heart. Ever yday, in unexpected ways, it extends our powers and puts us to work with a revolutionary  tool.< br/>　　The Comanc he is the c entral  element of the U.S. Army 9;s future O bjective Force. In add  ition to its complement of missile  s and 20-mm cannon, the ai rcraft carries st ate-of-the-art sensors and avionics to provide b attl efield  commanders with  so m uch accu rate i nformati on about enemy movements. This know ledge will tra nslate into more precise targeting, increasing the effect  iveness of friendly forces beyond current c apabilities  .　　 The U.S. Army has defined a requi rement of more than 1,200  Comanches f or the Object ive Force. The RAH C omanche, the army's 21st-century co mbat helico pter is being developed by the U  .S. Army  and a team of le ading aerospac e co mpanies headed  by the Boeing Com pany an d Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, a  unit of United T echnologies Corporation.　　The Sik orsky UH-60 Bl ack Hawk  and AS 350 B2 AStar Enf orce  the Law 　　Events swiftly unfold as the radar pl ane spots an &quot;unidentified" Cessna dropping bundles of drugs off th e coast of M iami at d  awn. A signal alerts the Marine and Ai r Branch  of U.S. Customs who speed out to intercep t the smugglers. Just as the drugs are transferred from bo  at to va n, The AS tar helicopter bursts ov er the treetops, deployi ng a tactical team to ar rest th e driver. W  hile the smuggler& #39;s Cigarette  boat attem pts to escape, a Black Hawk helicopter dips down  to create a giant  backwash. In  a stunning display of impeccable  teamwork, this act ion forces   the fleeing boat to sw erve to   a halt as a Customs boat  cuts it off and apprehends the crimin als.　　On a typical day, the U.S. Custom s Service examines 1.3 million passenge rs, 2,642 a  ircra ft, 50,889 truc ks/con tainers,  355,004  other vehicles , 588 ve  ssels, 64,923 entries and undertakes t he following enforcement actions:  64 arrests,  107 narcotic seizure s, 22 3 other seiz  ures, 9 cu rrency se izures. These amount to 5,059 pou nds of narcotics , $443,907 in curren cy, $228,80 3 in conv eyances, $525,7 91 in merchandise and m ore than $1 5,800 in a rms and ammunition.　　Filmed over a pe riod of five days o  ff the coa st of Miam i, the a ir, la  nd,  and sea dr  ug bust was staged by the U.S.  Customs  Service, wh ich r elies heavil y on helicopters dur ing such operations.　　U.S. Customs pil ot, Tom Stanton, parti cipated i  n the shoot with his co-pilot  Kimberly Kessel. Kessel  is one of se ven women U.S. Customs pilots  and only one of two qualifi ed to fly  Bla ck Hawks . Both  pilots vo lunteered to work with the film crew. Says Kessel , a graduate of Embry-Riddl e Aero nautic al University, &quot;The y we re phenomenal, re ady to t ry anything."　　In addit ion to daytime  flights, Stanton fli es the riskier  night mis sions. "Fly ing at  nigh t is dange rous a  s you lose all percept ion of what&#39;s up  or down because both the sky and ocean a re black, so they just  kind of run in toget her. There's  no ho rizon on those dark nights," says the veteran pilot .　　Typically he  flies fr om 300 to 500 feet above the  water at 120 to 150 knots  . &qu ot;No t many peop le fly that low, even in t he daytime,&quo t; says Stan ton. &quot;There's no  autopilot, so it's ha nds on. Plus you'r e chasing so  meone. You have to be aware. I t can get tense out there.&quot;　　St anton des cribes an ai r chase: "Onc e there's a t arget, we launch a jet with  rada r. T he jet pilot calls the heli copter out  and we link up, f lying in fo rmation.  We follo w the bad  guy wherever h e goes. If h  e has extended-  range fuel tanks, we leapfrog and send another helicopter ou t to take  up the  chase. ( The Black Hawk ca rries five hours of  fuel.)  When he  gets into  his la nding  configuration, we call the local police or sher iff to  help us out. " The Black Hawk,  which can  carry  up to 14 p eople, typically carri es 4 or 5 armed person nel,  &qu ot;so we instantly h ave a forc e of police  officers there to get  the b ad guys." ;　　 " ;If it&#39;s  a boat, w e have Ciga rette boats like th e smugglers. We& #39;ll call our boat   and have it  inte rcept."  Stanton flies the  Black  Hawk next  to the  boat, mak ing it hard for the smuggle rs to nav igate. "  ;It intimidates  them int o giving up.  Sometime s they do   [but] sometimes we chase them  for  hours. Or we&# 39;ll follow them i nto a mari na a nd block th em until  our boats  come. If   they hit the beach, we' ;ll call the state police or sheriff, a  nd they set up a perimeter so the guy can 9;t  get o ut."　　Stanton, w ho flies missions as  often as on ce or twice a week,  has been flying for 26 y ears, 13 o  f those as an army he  licopter pilot before  he jo ined U.S.  Customs in Miami where  he is the "standardization i nstructor pilot.  " ; He make s sure that everybody  flies  the same way, so that when  they team u p, t he pi lots  easily  work in tandem. Pilot s fly 8-hou r shifts and  the operation goes on 24 hours a day , 7 days  a week in areas  coveri ng both the Canadian and Mexican land borders, the Atlantic and P acific coas tlin es, and the Gulf of M exic o. 　　The MD 500E Heli copter　 　A MD 500 he licopter   hovers directly above 500,000-volt power l ines. As it inches closer, a lightning bolt  suddenly zaps out fr om the h  ot line,  arcing toward th e wand e xtended by a lineman perched on  an alumi num platform   that juts  out from the helicopter. The & quot;hot-line-qual ified"; lineman clam ps onto the power lines, and helicopter backs off,  leaving him to  "wire walk,&quot; crawling along pa rallel lines to inspe  ct t he P PL power l ine grid,  100 feet off the gro und. To reb oard t he helicop ter,  the lineman  must " ;bond off ,&quot; rev ersing the proce dure.　　&quo t;I don';t give tw  o ho ots and a holler about flying inside a helicopt er. Put me outside,  that's where I want  to be,&quot; says Daniel &quot;Spider&quo t; Lockhar t, AgRotors lineman.  There9;s onl  y three  things I'v  e been afra id of most of my life: One wa s ele ctri city, on e was heights and th e other was women. And, I'm married too,&quot; he grins. "T  he s afest lineman  is on e that is afrai d of electricity. When we bond  to the power lines  energi zed at hal  f-a-mil lion volts, we have to bring o urselves to the sa me pot ential. That is why you see th  at arc jump  ing out to o ur wand as  we mak e bot h the helico pter and the power l  ine at th e same  potential, so that we can eliminate the flow o f current,& quot; explains the veteran lineman.　　S pider wears a protective hot suit, 75 percent N omex for f ire retardation and 25 percent stain less st eel thread.  "The m etal  thread basically means I have a cag e around me  that can be energized at very high voltage levels. A half-mill ion vo lts pass over my body, but I can wo  rk without interfe  renc e from the electricity."　　He continue s, " ;Watching that electri city jump  out whil  e you'r e energ izing the helico pter i s a thrill. Getting on the wire, walk ing the w ire to do re pairs is a thri ll. The  biggest thril l I get is from doing  what I do is being a ble to do both togeth er-the electrical p art and the  helicopt er part of it, the spe ed at which we can do it and still be sa fe. There a re so many things  that the he licopter enables us to do as linemen, which is very rewar ding.&quot;　　The teamwork of the skilled helicop ter pilots an d highly t raine d linemen ensure that the PPL  Corp.  provides a c onstant s ource of electricity to its 1.3 mil  lion customers in Pennsylvania (in addit ion to 4.4 million in Latin America and Europe). To  maintain t he integrit y of the transmission system to residential and commercial establishments,   and to ensure the  safety of t he operation, the team plans and rehearses  every move while on the gr ound before takeoff. Even so , unantic ipated gusts of wind and  glare from  the wires can affect the pilot's depth perception, r equiring t otal conce ntration during his hours at the controls. As the helicopter  is isolated from the ground, the pilot and l ineman, clad in protective stainless s teel suits, must bond onto the  transmiss ion l ines to b  ring themse lves to the  same voltage po tential  of the li ne to work  safely-paralleling what a  bird does when it sits on a wire.　　Probably the  most unusual plac  e that the d irector rigged the came ra was on the end of  the platf orm on  the MD 500, which is designed to carr y the linema n as he bonds onto  the half-million-volt power  line. "We took awa  y the   lineman and put  the camera in his pl ace; the lineman rode behind the camera and used h is wand to draw t he a rc of electricit y righ t onto th e cam era lens. I  don';t th ink  it's been done before. It  blew all the  electroni cs out of the camera a co uple of times before we figured o ut how to do it,& quot; recalls   Douglas. 　　The Boein g 234  Helicopter: Heli logging with Limited  Enviro nmental Damage　　Floating a bove the forest i  n northern Cali fornia, a 12-ton  Boeing 234 helicopter selects  its target with pr  ecision. Selective l ogging is a pr ocess w here only a p ortion of the av ailable timber is removed f rom  a logging site. A  single t ree is lifted s traight up from the forest floor, leaving the rest o  f the area environm entally int act. Removing such timber-ve ry often tre  es that are already dead  or disea sed-a llows t he re maining trees to th rive on t he additional resources of sunlight, water, a nd soil nutrients. Helilogg ing is environmentall y friendly  in other ways as well.  First, since the logs are  lifted fro m the ground, little soil erosio  n, typical of co nventio nal logging methods, occurs. Secon  d, i n many cases  the helicopter is able to  use e xisting roads for land ings, mean ing no new roads need to be  built into the area bein  g logged .　　Columbia Helicopte rs cuts more   logs  each year than any oth er helicopter loggi  ng c ompan y. To pr epare the  timber for the helicopter, the specia lly trained logging cre w cut it into car  efully weig  hed sections . Columbia&#39;s flight crews are among the  most  experienced at long-li  ne work  in the world. With s peed and precision, the y ar e able to mo ve he avy loads of logs at  the end of lines up to 350-feet long. Once the line   is lowered fr  om the Boeing 234  helicopter, steel to ngs clamp the log  and the e  ntire tree  is r  emoved w ithout disturbing th e balance of nature. " ;It';s kinda like  lookin&# 39; down 25 stories  and pickin g up a t elephone po le," comments the helicop ter pilot, Dave Stro upe,  who dep osits the t imber at a nearby transf er yard. &quot;The   unique t hing about this hel icopter is that, when we take o ff from th e ground, we weigh approximately 22,0 00 pounds. And we&#39;r  e rigged for  about 26 ,000 pound s when we ge t low on fuel. So the load actually weighs more than  the helicopter. It's exc iting and harro wing all a t the sa me time ."　　The Bo eing 234s  have a   lift capacity of 28 ,000 lb, (12  ,727 kg), b ut most    often carry loads bet ween 23,000 lb, (1 0,454 kg) to 24,000 lb (10,909 kg) due t o elevation and air temper ature cons idera tions . The co  mpany trains loggers to work with hel  icopters because load weig ht is such a dramatic part of w hat the y do. Weight is determine d, usi  ng a formula, whi ch are a functi on of t he volume and the  type of  wood. Dif  ferent tree species have di fferent weights per volu me.　　When one of the  pilots s uggested using the log as a platform  for the came ra, Douglas realize d anot her exciting camera a ngle  . Th e possi bility existed tha t the branches could  scrape off t he camera  as the l og was hauled up. Douglas prevented thi s by placin g the camera inside a heavy steel a valanche box, whic h he  anchored on the end of a big log. Once the log w as grapple d, the helicopter hauled the pr otected camera r ight  through the branch es, giv ing the au dience a breathtaking view from the perspective of the log!  The U.S. Marine Corp s AV-8B Harrier, AH-1 W Cobra, CH -53E Super Stallio n and CH-46E Sea Knight on a Military Mission　　An AV-8B  Harrie r jet  demonstrates  its  ver  tical landing abil ity followed by  a force re conna issance ins ervice exer cise from an air craft carrier, as Marines climb aboard  the CH -53E. AH-1W  Cobras and  Harr iers form an  assault-support p ackage, as  the  reconna issance team sets out o n a mission to  obtain invaluable int elligence about the e nemy.　　Inside the CH-53 E, the machine-gunner is at the ready as a Cobra f ires thre e roc kets. The action heat s up as the IMAX camera captu res the Marines   fast-roping t hrough the &qu ot;hell hole" and slidin g down a rop e dangling from th e CH -53E, landing in enemy territory . The leader of the re connai  ssance team says,  "By the time you get to touch rope in a l  ive  situation, y ou and  your men feel tighter than family. Your f ates are tied like the strands of a rope."  　　  Two hours later the Ma rines have comple ted their mission and are ready to be evacuated. Now the enemy hunts th em on the g round. Trees shake as the rescue CH-53E he licopte r ho vers ov erhe ad, lowering a rope  to the squad, now up to their waists in water.  One afte r the other, in a matter of s econds, the men clip themselves onto  the rope . "E xtraction, even mor e than insertion, i s when you need speed. You've been awfu l quiet. Suddenly, you'r e awful loud,& quot; says Sgt.  James Ken neke, the squad lead er. He&#39;s  first in a nd last out . Lifted up, like washing on a line, the squad dangle s beneath the helic opter   as it  is esco rted by Cobras,  out over the At lantic.　　&qu ot;It  9;s a relief  to get out. But there's that mo ment of dou  bt. Ev erythin g slows down whil e you&#39;re exp osed  � ho lding  your b reath for  that happy e ndin g. And when you get it, you feel on top  of the worl d. Of course, the n we've  got to commute home just like ever ybody el se," s  miles Ke nnecke.　　The Mi-26 and Mi-8 Deliver Humanitarian Aid　　Sometimes, somethi ng ver y precious must be de livere d behind enemy lines-food. Sierra  Leone is a natio n that has suffered years of conflict . From th e food  depot to th e hot spot, helicopte  rs provide an air b ridge. Hoisting fo od and medical supplies to distres sed pe ople be hind reb el-held ter ritories, they have the ability to hop o ver hot zones in desperate situations.<  br/>　　Th e world&#39;s largest productio n helicopter-the Russian-made Mi-26-is  the workhorse for the United Natio  ns (UN) peacekeeping o peration in  war-torn Sier ra Leone. The heaviest production he licopter  in the world, this majestic   eight-b laded craft -one of  four chartered by the UN from Ru ssia-can carry a maxim um o f 44,090 lb (20,040 kg) o f inte rnal payload or up to  70 troops. The Mi-26's top speed is 183 mph (295 kph) and it has   a range of 304 miles  (400 km).　　In this s equence, the Mi-26 is loaded with cargo to supply UN troops  protecting an isolated c ommunity in  the cent er of re bel-he ld terr itory. The worl d's largest  food agency, the UN World F  ood Program (WFP ), organi zed a massi ve air camp aign tar geting internally displaced persons th  at had congregate  d near a c linic for m alnourished children. Once r  ebels fr om the Revol utionary United Front ( RUF) had s urrounded the area and  blocked road acce ss, the WFP w as p revented from c ompletin g a bul k distribut ion. Instead , they loaded  up their Mi-8 a nd flew to  the Daru  clinic  where the most vulner able  women and childr en were located.　　"A ll chil dren under five who are malnourished are given a  special feeding   program in  Daru . And the under-five are alway s the first ones  you target for any k ind of extreme malnou  rished cases, because they die very quickly,&quot; says Aya Shn  eerson, program offic er for  the WFP.  "Daru  is a ki  nd of an island, a safe is land, su rround ed by  areas that a re uns afe,&quot; sh  e says, &quot;and  for that re ason, it always served a s a sort of magnet for the ver y vul  nera ble peo ple  comin  g out."　　Another big WFP   operat ion, Food for Peace , gives food to chi ld ex-combat ants, in an ef  fort to attract th  em to disarma ment and demobil ization camps.　 　The heavi ly laden craft flew  out  of the capital  city, Freetown, situated on the  west c oast of Africa b etween  Guinea on the n orth and Liberia on the so uth.  The WFP supe rvises a variety of feedi ng programs in  the displac ement  camp s, feeding 5,000 in an operation  tha  t targeted Bunbuna, Kabala an d Daru in 2000.　　Throughout the worl  d, heli copte rs have saved millions of hum an lives. T here are 777 millio n people in developing  countries, accord ing to the WFP. In  2001 the WFP fed 77 million hungr y peo ple (10 p ercent  of the hungr y poor) i n 82 countries.　　Diamonds , which should have  brought prosperi  ty to Sie rra Leone, ins tead resulted in one o  f the modern w  orld&#39;s  most brutal insurge ncies,  dating back to 1991 when  rebels launched a  war to overthrow the  government.  In t he ensuing years, contin uous battles  betw een the vari ous facti ons- rebe ls,  the army a nd the gover nment-displaced  tens of tho usands of  innoce nt civilians, resulting in hunger and famine. In 1998 UN observers document ed r eport s of ongoi ng atrocities and human rights abuses. In 1999 negotiat ions began between t he gover nment and t he rebe ls, and an agreement was signe d in Lome to end hostilitie s and  form a go vernment o f national unity. By 2000,  the UN& #39; s expanded role   resulted in  the dep  loyment of 17,500 military peac ekeeping pe  rsonnel t o various parts of th e country. Free elect ions in May 2002 hav  e gi ven hope and a fres h starte d in Sierra Leon e.　　The AS 350 B2 and AS 350 B3 Used for Wi ldlife Relocation 　　In South Africa, he licopte  rs are h elping  to save the  black rhino fro m extinc tion. Protect ed in a few remote preserves, their numbe rs are r  ising . However, should  the rhin os feel overcrowded, they will fight to the deat h. To protect the species, some must b  e rel ocated to s afe habitats, but this is  easier said tha n done.　　A platform dang les from a helicopt er ov erhead. Ins ide another helic opter, f lying low over the South Af rican veldt, a man with a rifle takes aim at a black rhinoceros, dodging th rough the bushes below. The p ilot conc entrates on flying 5 feet above and 10  to15 feet behind the rhino. Antic ipating its ever y move, a wildlife vete rinarian pulls the tr igger of  his  gun l oaded with a tran  quilizer dart, scoring a dire ct hit that successfu lly penetrates  the rhi  no's  inch-thick skin.　　"W  hen I am  dart ing animal s like  the black rhin o, th  ere is this immense trust between  myse lf and Piet , the pilo t," say  s wil dlife veter inarian, Dr . Douw Grobler, who specializ es in immunizations and  translocations. &quot;I know e xactly what h e' s going to do and  where he's   going to place m  e. I don&#39;t have  to think. I can jus t co ncentrate on the a  nimals. I just know he's go ng to pu  t me there i n the right spot at the right tim e. I t's almost that he senses w  hat the an imal 9;s going to do. In that way, h e ca n change  the anim  al's mind with his  heli copter.&qu ot;　　 Grobler has measu red a specific drug dosage, which can ke ep a rhino asleep for up to t wo hours. Once the rhino is darted, the ground crew lands as s oon as possible to undertake  a mu ltitude of t asks. They m  onito r the be ast's vital signs, take skin and  blood samples to st  udy its basic health and to det ect any nut rients tha t are lac king . This ensures th at the h abitat is healthy for long-term propagation. They  also conduct pregnancy testing. Each rhino 9;s ear is notched so   that it can be identified eas ily from the air and groun d. The tip of the seco nd horn is removed  to provide material for  genetic research, and a tra nsmitter is fitted into t he rhino&#39;s horn f or tra cking its whereabouts. Poach ers pr esent  a constan  t danger to the rhinos&#39; secu rity. Should a poacher remove t he horn  for export, the trans  mitter wo uld  trigger an  alarm.　　Wh en t  wo males inhabit the same territory, one must be reloc ated before they  battle to the deat h. Placing a sling in position, the crew rolls the r hino aboard the p latform, ma king sure it is fully asleep. Wit h a lifting capability of 3,500 lb (1,590 kg),   the AStar B 3 can relocate the 2,250-lb (1022-kg) rhino to an area of t he s  anctuary that is ac cessibl e only by helicopter.　　Th e extensi ve rese arch on e leve n black rhi nos a  cquired during the  four-d ay shoot was mad e possib le only thr ough SK F ilm's financi al contribution. "M  y field of e xper  tise lies i n the captu re and re location of Af  rican wildlife.  I am extremely grat  eful  to Straight Up! for  sponsoring this i ncredibly  important r  esearch  and  relocat ion progr am at the game park. Without the film,   this research would not ha ve happen ed,&quot;  says Gro bler, who o rganized the ca  ptur e, research and relocation project, with the film&  #39;s p roduc tion crew.  &quot;Every animal is ju st so valuable,& quot; he says, &quot;and any infor mation that  can be collected  on them is worth its weight in gold.&q uot;　　The prehis  toric ancestor of to day' ;s rhinos existed  more than  50 million y  ears ago . Among today's fiv e rhino spec ies,  the black rhin o, wh  ich has two horns, has suffered the most spectacular rat e of d ecline. Fro m a populati  on of 65,000 in 1970 it  had be  en hunted almos t to extinction, declining to a population of 2,30  0 by 1992-93. Curr  ent  statistics indica  te t hat the African black rhino population ha  s risen  to 3,500  as a result of the protect ion of nature reser ves, developed by con  servancy  groups, agencies and gov ernments t  o facilitat e breeding and relocation prog rams .　　This segment o f Straight Up! was filmed in one  such  res erve in South  Africa, where  black rhinos ha d been re introduced in 1986. The helicopter, an irrep laceable co　　好半晌，他才放下玉简抬头看向陆灵蹊，“有这事。”他站起 来，走向另一边的 玉架，从上面拿了一枚蓝玉制成的玉佩，“当 初主人觉得，佐蒙人不会放过天渊七界飞升的一 切生灵，但是人族寿元就 那么多，人心 复杂，他没办法因势力导  ，但是妖族却可 以。”